Barriers to Advancement

Report Resources

Term	Main definition
[16]	Utah’s non-White population is growing rapidly and is expected to nearly double in the next several decades (Hollingshaus, Harris & Perlich 2019).
[17]	All of the women quoted in this section are women of color. However, to protect the identity and ensure the confidentiality of our interviewees, we do not provide any additional identifying information.
[18]	Tokenism refers to the experience of being the only or one of the only members of a group in the workplace (Kanter 1977; Wingfield 2013).
[19]	Enjoyment of sexist and racist jokes is correlated with racist and sexist attitudes (Greenwood & Isabell 2002), and exposure to such jokes can reinforce sexist and racist behaviors (Ford et al., 2013). Women and people of color who speak up about racist or sexist jokes are often accused of being uptight, humorless and/or difficult to work with (Hay 2000; Hughes 2003).
[20]	NALP 2017 report.
[21]	Cech & Rothwell 2019.
[22]	McCullough et al. 2019.
[23]	All the quotes in this section come from lawyers who identify as LGBTQ+. No other identifying information is provided in order to protect the identity of our respondents. Due to the nature of the project, interviews focused exclusively on women-identified lawyers and thus we cannot provide insight into the professional experiences of male-identified or non-binary members of Utah’s legal profession. We urge researchers to focus on this important population in future research.
[24]	Sloan 2019.
[25]	Gutierrez y Muhs 2012.
[26]	Cook & Glass 2015; Glass & Cook 2018.
[27]	Burns 2012; Krentz 2019.
[28]	Ellingrud, Manyika & Riefberg 2016.
[29]	Hinchliffe 2019.
[30]	See “Best Practices for Individuals” in this report for guidance on the ways we can all work to reduce bias in our organizations.